What you will learn
This project introduces distance sensing, motor drivers, GPIO control, real-time sensor data, and if-else logic. It can be adapted for Raspberry Pi or Arduino-based builds.
Core concepts
Ultrasonic sensing, PWM, GPIO pins, and decision-making.
Practical skills
Breadboard wiring, motor control, debugging, and safe power management.
Typical components
- Raspberry Pi or Arduino
- HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor
- Two geared DC motors
- Motor driver module
- Robot chassis and wheels
- Battery pack and jumper wires
Build sequence
- 1. Prepare the chassis: mount the motors, wheels, controller, and sensor.
- 2. Wire safely: keep motor power separate from logic power and connect a common ground.
- 3. Read distance: trigger the ultrasonic sensor and calculate the returning echo time.
- 4. Control movement: drive forward while clear, then stop and turn when an obstacle is detected.
- 5. Test and refine: adjust thresholds, timing, and motor speeds in small steps.